![]() The occupation layers contain bone and ivory artifacts, including possible figurative art, and fossil shells imported more than 500 kilometers. The oldest levels at Kostenki underlie a volcanic ash horizon identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra that is dated elsewhere to about 40,000 years ago. Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating and magnetic stratigraphy indicate Upper Paleolithic occupation-probably representing modern humans-at archaeological sites on the Don River in Russia 45,000 to 42,000 years ago. These dates contribute considerably to our understanding of the emergence of the Mid-Upper Paleolithic and the complex suite of burial behaviors that begin to appear during this period.Įarly Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and implications for the dispersal of modern humans.Īnikovich, M V Sinitsyn, A A Hoffecker, John F Holliday, Vance T Popov, V V Lisitsyn, S N Forman, Steven L Levkovskaya, G M Pospelova, G A Kuz'mina, I E Burova, N D Goldberg, Paul Macphail, Richard I Giaccio, Biagio Praslov, N D This method is applied to two important sites in Russia and allows us to report the earliest direct ages for the presence of anatomically modern humans on the Russian Plain. Here we describe a method to date hydroxyproline found in collagen (~10% of collagen carbon) as a bone-specific biomarker that removes impurities, thereby improving dating accuracy and confidence. These inaccuracies in turn frustrate the development of archaeological chronologies and, in the Paleolithic, blur the dating of such key events as the dispersal of anatomically modern humans. However, low collagen content, contamination from the burial environment, or museum conservation work, such as addition of glues, preservatives, and fumigants to "protect" archaeological materials, have previously led to inaccurate dates. Marom, Anat McCullagh, James S O Higham, Thomas F G Sinitsyn, Andrey A Hedges, Robert E MĪrchaeological bones are usually dated by radiocarbon measurement of extracted collagen. Single amino acid radiocarbon dating of Upper Paleolithic modern humans. ![]() These dates contribute considerably to our understanding of the emergence of the Mid-Upper Paleolithic and the complex suite of burial behaviors that begin to appear during this period. Here we describe a method to date hydroxyproline found in collagen (âˆ❁0% of collagen carbon) as a bone-specific biomarker that removes impurities, thereby improving dating accuracy and confidence. However, low collagen content, contamination from the burial environment, or museum conservation work, such as addition of glues, preservatives, and fumigants to “protect†archaeological materials, have previously led to inaccurate dates. M.Īrchaeological bones are usually dated by radiocarbon measurement of extracted collagen. Single amino acid radiocarbon dating of Upper Paleolithic modern humans Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Specifically, significant differences in diet were found between the earlier Upper Paleolithic individuals, i.e., those belonging to the Aurignacian and Gravettian contexts, and the later Magdalenian ones, such that the diet of the latter group was more varied and included more abrasive foods compared with those of the former. However, the microwear texture analysis does detect culturally related changes in the Upper Paleolithic humans' diets. The results of this analysis do not reveal any environmentally driven dietary shifts for the Upper Paleolithic hominins indicating that the climatic and their associated paleoecological changes did not force these humans to significantly alter their diets in order to survive. The occlusal molar microwear textures of these specimens were analyzed with the aim of examining the effects of the climatic, as well as the cultural, changes on the diets of the Upper Paleolithic modern humans. This article presents the results of the occlusal molar microwear texture analysis of 32 adult Upper Paleolithic modern humans from a total of 21 European sites dating to marine isotope stages 3 and 2. Diet of upper paleolithic modern humans: evidence from microwear texture analysis.
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